| A Case of Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Injury due to Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome |
| Jung Nam Cho and In Hee Lee |
| Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea |
| 증례 : 신경이완제 악성 증후군에 동반된 횡문근융해증에 의한 미오글로빈성 급성신손상 1예 |
| 조정남, 이인희 |
| 대구가톨릭대학교 의과대학 내과학교실 |
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| Abstract |
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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a rare, adverse reaction associated with the use of neuroleptic medication, which is characterized by altered consciousness, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, hyperthermia, and elevated serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels. Myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (AKI) is considered as the most serious complication of NMS. We report here a 25-year-old female who developed NMS associated myoglobinuric AKI, and had previously received olanzapine, haloperidol, and quetiapine for the treatment of brief psychotic disorder. The peak level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was 53.5 mg/dL, serum creatinine (Cr) 2.2 mg/dL, serum myoglobin 36,745 ng/mL, and a serum CPK of >30,000 IU/L. She was treated supportively with combination therapy including withdrawal of neuroleptics, intravenous hydration, cooling, and oral dantrolene. She gradually improved with clearing of altered sensorium, decrease in rigidity and normalizing of the serum CPK level. Serum BUN and Cr also decreased to 8.0 mg/dL and 0.6 mg/dL, respectively. Early, aggressive volume repletion with alkalinized fluids, along with appropriate pharmacological therapy is needed to prevent myoglobinuric AKI in patients with NMS. Additionally, dipstick urinalysis including urine pH, specific gravity, and occult blood may be useful in monitoring changes in hydration status during periods of fluid therapy. |
| Key Words:
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, Rhabdomyolysis, Urinalysis, Kidney failure, Acute |
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