Kidney Res Clin Pract > Epub ahead of print |
Funding
This work was supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology (grant No. 2020B1212060028) and the NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University).
Data sharing statement
The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization, Funding acquisition: XY
Data curation, Resources, Supervision: XY, HM, FH, QG, HY
Formal analysis: RL, JG, HY
Investigation: RL, YP, HW
Writing–original draft: RL, JG
Writing–review & editing: RL, JG, XY
All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Characteristic | All | Full dose group | Incremental group | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of patients | 238 | 186 | 52 | |
Age (yr) | 67.8 ± 5.7 | 68.0 ± 5.6 | 67.2 ± 6.0 | 0.37 |
Female sex | 109 (45.8) | 84 (45.2) | 25 (48.1) | 0.75 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.0 ± 3.0 | 22.2 ± 2.9 | 21.6 ± 2.9 | 0.22 |
Primary kidney disease | 0.995 | |||
Glomerulonephritis | 63 (26.5) | 49 (26.3) | 14 (26.9) | |
Diabetic nephropathy | 109 (45.8) | 86 (46.2) | 23 (44.2) | |
Renal vascular disease | 38 (16.0) | 29 (15.6) | 9 (17.3) | |
Others | 28 (11.8) | 22 (11.8) | 6 (11.5) | |
Diabetes | 131 (55.0) | 105 (56.5) | 26 (50.0) | 0.43 |
Cardiovascular disease | 170 (71.0) | 135 (72.6) | 34 (65.4) | 0.31 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 106 ± 18 | 106 ± 17 | 108 ± 21 | 0.52 |
Albumin (g/L) | 35.0 ± 4.1 | 34.9 ± 4.1 | 35.4 ± 4.2 | 0.46 |
SBP (mmHg) | 140 ± 16 | 141 ± 16 | 138 ± 15 | 0.23 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77 ± 10 | 76 ± 10 | 78 ± 11 | 0.33 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.25 ± 0.21 | 2.26 ± 0.22 | 2.20 ± 0.18 | 0.05 |
Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.25 ± 0.32 | 1.23 ± 0.31 | 1.29 ± 0.33 | 0.24 |
TC (mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 1.28 | 5.22 ± 1.32 | 5.02 ± 1.09 | 0.32 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.47 (1.02–2.14) | 1.53 (1.11–2.23) | 1.21 (0.8 –1.82) | 0.009* |
sCr (μmol/L) | 699 ± 233 | 717 ± 241 | 636 ± 194 | 0.03* |
BUN (mmol/L) | 14.7 ± 5.0 | 14.3 ± 4.7 | 16.1 ± 5.8 | 0.02* |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 394 ± 88 | 393 ± 85 | 398 ± 97 | 0.69 |
iPTH (pg/mL) | 189(83–353) | 176 (67–349) | 240 (141–421) | 0.02* |
nPCR (g/kg/day) | 0.89 ± 0.24 | 0.86 ± 0.23 | 1.01 ± 0.26 | <0.001* |
Glucose exposure (g/day) | 133.0 ± 23.2 | 138.4 ± 21.3 | 113.6 ± 19.2 | <0.001* |
CrCl (L/wk/1.73 m2) | ||||
Total | 90.9 ± 25.2 | 90.4 ± 25.9 | 92.9 ± 22.8 | 0.52 |
Renal | 44.8 ± 25.3 | 41.8 ± 24.6 | 55.7 ± 25.1 | <0.001* |
Peritoneal | 46.1 ±10.7 | 48.5 ± 9.7 | 37.2 ± 9.5 | <0.001* |
Kt/V | ||||
Total | 2.63 ± 0.68 | 2.65 ± 0.69 | 2.58 ± 0.65 | 0.51 |
Renal | 0.92 ± 0.54 | 0.84 ± 0.51 | 1.20 ± 0.55 | <0.001* |
Peritoneal | 1.72 ± 0.47 | 1.81 ± 0.45 | 1.40 ± 0.37 | <0.001* |
RKF (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 4.15 ± 2.39 | 3.90 ± 2.32 | 5.06 ± 2.41 | 0.002* |
Urine (mL/day) | 700 (400–1,000) | 600 (385–1,000) | 820 (600–1,200) | 0.002* |
24 hr-ultrafiltration (mL) | 350 (100–600) | 400 (175–600) | 200 (–100 to 425) | 0.001* |
Daily dwell volume (L/day) | 7.6 ± 1.0 | 8.1 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.4 | <0.001* |
Data are expressed as number only, mean ± standard deviation, number (%), or median (interquartile range).
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CrCl, weekly creatinine clearance; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; Kt/V, urea clearance normalized to total body water; nPCR, normalized protein catabolic rate; RKF, residual kidney function; SBP, systolic blood pressure; sCr, serum creatinine; TC, total cholesterol.
Group | No. of patients | No. of events | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anuria | ||||
Model 1 | 238 | 75 | 0.47 (0.27–0.84) | 0.01 |
Model 2a | 238 | 75 | 0.49 (0.26–0.90) | 0.02 |
Model 3b | 238 | 75 | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) | 0.008 |
All-cause mortality | ||||
Model 1 | 238 | 124 | 0.53 (0.33–0.86) | 0.009 |
Model 2c | 238 | 124 | 0.55 (0.34–0.92) | 0.02 |
Model 3d | 238 | 124 | 0.59 (0.36–0.98) | 0.04 |
CV mortality | ||||
Model 1 | 238 | 72 | 0.41 (0.20–0.82) | 0.01 |
Model 2e | 238 | 72 | 0.42 (0.20–0.87) | 0.02 |
Model 3f | 238 | 72 | 0.51 (0.25–1.05) | 0.07 |
a Adjusted for sex, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (Alb), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR), and residual kidney function (RKF).
c Adjusted for sex, BMI, present of diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease (CVD), DBP, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Hb, Alb, nPCR, and RKF.
Follow-up (mo) | Peritonitis rate (episodes per person-year) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All |
Full dose group |
Incremental group |
||
12 | 0.191 | 0.217 | 0.096 | 0.07 |
24 | 0.180 | 0.192 | 0.137 | 0.25 |
36 | 0.178 | 0.197 | 0.115 | 0.03* |
48 | 0.186 | 0.201 | 0.136 | 0.07 |
60 | 0.198 | 0.211 | 0.158 | 0.13 |
132 | 0.196 | 0.203 | 0.175 | 0.39 |
Ruihua Liu
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-3545
Jing Guo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-6199
Hongjian Ye
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-508X
Yuan Peng
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7625-438X
Haishan Wu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3070-3925
Haiping Mao
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-3851
Qunying Guo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-6570
Fengxian Huang
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0022-3784
Xiao Yang
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-2015